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Peat formation and peat meadow restoration
Krejčová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Picek, Tomáš (referee)
This work aims to clarify and describe the necessary conditions of the peat soil horizon formation. The following three types of locations were compared. Drained locations that were revitalized afterwards. Locations which were drained and never revitalized. And lastly undrained localities where the original peat horizons are still presented. It has been proven that the grounwater level differs in drained and undrained areas. However, there was no significant differrence between revitalized and non-revitalized areas in drained types of locations. The results confirmed that Sphagnum spp., which is the most important species in peat formation, dominates the plant community where the groundwater level is higher than 25 cm. If the grounwater level is lower than 25 cm below the surface, Sphagnum spp. disappears very quickly and degrades peat soil horizons. The work also proved the groundwater level directly affects plant comunities that more or less promote carbon accumulation in the soil but water level and anaerobic conditions have no direct affect on soil carbon accumulation and only affect the vegetation composition of the peat soil horizon.
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The effect of drainage and restoration on vegetation of wet peaty meadows.
Krejčová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarise the current knowledge of the effects of amelioration entervention especially drainage on wet meadow vegetation. First part of this thesis consisting of literature review of scientific papers and other studies summarises the influence of water on soil. It describes how the loss of water and degradation of soil influence the plant communities of wetlands. Drainage of wetlands was very common due to the intensification of agriculture in the past. The amelioration intervension resulted in the loss of peat horizon in soil and reduction of biodiversity. This review explains the reasons to common drainage in the past. In conclusion of the review, the thesis evaluates the efficiency and possibilities of wetland biotopes restoration. The second part of the thesis describes the specific research in the village Senotín (running between 2015 and 2016) which compared the results of the studies from 1996 and 2016. The effectiveness of restoration was examined and compared on the basis of phytosociological images of vegetation which are presented on three different types of areas.
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Factors determining the vegetation composition of wet meadows and its changes in time
Šimák, Martin ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Procházka, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis is mainly a literature review of scientific papers and other studies of wet meadows and their characteristics. The aim of the thesis is to summarise knowledge especially of the changes of the vegetation composition of the wet meadows, reveal the causes of such changes and consider the influence of different types of management. Wet meadows underwent crucial changes. They have been drained, the grazing or mowing has ended up and many species were unable to adapt to the changed conditions. Biodiversity in general has been decreasing on these habitats and it has been caused mainly by the total change in management. By comparing different scientific papers I identified common characteristics of the declining species and optimal managment options suitable for stopping their decline were detected. Consequently, I introduce the main methods used to study changes in vegetation composition over time. In the final part of the thesis I mention Slavkovský Les as the area where my future research will be conducted.
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Flora and vegetation of selected wet and fen grasslands near Havlíčkův Brod
Kutlvašr, Josef ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Douda, Jan (referee)
The research was conducted in the growing season 2015 in selected wet and
peaty meadows near Havlíčkův Brod (Bohemian-Moravian highlands).
Phytosociological classification was carried out using the formalized Cocktail method,
which assigns relevés by formal definitions, and method of assigning according to
similarity of species composition (FPFI index). Nine vegetation groups were
delimitated: seven at association and two at alliance level. Wet meadow of the
association Angelico sylvestris-Cirsietum palustris is the most common community.
Wet meadows of the associations Scirpetum sylvaticae and Lysimachio vulgaris-
Filipenduletum ulmariae (both Calthion alliance) regularly occur. The stands of the
associations Poo-Trisetetum flavescentis (Arrhenatherion alliance) and Poo trivialis-
Alopecuretum pratensis (Deschampsion alliance) was documented at the drier edges
of the localities. Thirteen species listed in the Red list of the Czech Republic were
found. Dactylorhiza majalis, Tephroseris crispa and Valeriana dioica were the most
abundant. Carex hartmanii, Carex paniculata, Eleocharis mammilata subsp.
mamillata, Epilobium palustre, Pedicularis sylvatica, Potamogeton lucens, Comarum
palustre, Scorzonera humilis, Sparganium erectum and Trifolium spadiceum occur
rarely. Some localities (Bartoušov, Čistá, Dlouhá Ves-Pod silnicí, Mozerov a Skorkov)
are suitable for statute significant landscape element for the occurence of these
endangered species.
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Studium flóry a vegetace mokřadu u Císařské jeskyně v Moravském krasu
Nováková, Eliška
This thesis focuses on flora and vegetation of the wetland near Císařská Jeskyně in Ostrov u Macochy. Three shallow pools were done during revitalization project in 2012. After that, I have carried out floristic and phytosocioological research with a goal to map and evaluate the current state of flora and vegetation. Field research was realized in years 2013-2014. The characteristic of the study area and state of the vegetation before the revitalization is posed in few first chapters. In following chapters are described met-hods, procedure and results of the research in detail. The thesis evaluates the effective-ness of the revitalization intervention during the first two years and will serve as back-ground material for continuing long-term research on permanent plots in pools.
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